Brett Whitely: a brief frames analysis Essay

Subjective Used art as a method of expressive self-exploration. ‘I paint in order to see.’ His artworks moved from being political protests to being focussed on the not-so-quiet intimacies of his private life. â€Å"Politics, travel, social consciousness, self-analysis, philosophical speculation and youth took second place to one over-riding obsession – to paint pictures of beauty.† (Brett Whiteley, by Sandra McGrath, 1979) Experimented with different, mind-altering drugs to influence his art-making. Greatly influenced by Francis Bacon. Towards the end of his career he moved to painting more still lifes, the more anti-social he became, the more interested he was in inanimate, inhuman objects. His paintings often verged upon the sadly disturbing and deperate or outrageously humourous as his health declined + he became more demoralised. Where he once believed his paintings could change the world (eg. American Life), he tried to grapple with the contradictions in what he believed (ie. complete political restructure) + what he had become (a highly sought after + highly paid artist with a valuable house, swimming pool expensive car etc). His paintings were designed to provoke a very strong emotional response from the viewer, either positive or negative. Cultural Many of his artworks included images of sex, violence, social themes. Interesting portrayal of Australian culture – not always positive, however, it is his paintings that depict Australia in a positive light – Australia as  a beach paradise etc – that are most often glorified. These paintings, for example The Beach, were often misunderstood, as they were commenting on the materialistic/consumer nature of modern Australian society Whiteley saw Australia as being in it’s political infancy, and believed that until Australia forged a more equal relationship with the rest of Asia, it would be doomed. He drove this point home through the use of Chinese calligraphy, slogans, provocative sculpture, poster art and often sensationalist press conferences. Cultural significance of life drawing in the art world. Was also influenced by his many overseas trips, notably India (Calcutta, Shankar + Fidgeting with Infinity) + England (The Christie series + the London Zoo series). Many of his artworks depict a kind of East vs West theme. Structural Combined many different mediums. Mostly did large-scale works – something I want to experiment with. Used many different signs + symbols, sometimes overtly, sometimes not. Very interesting use of space – often depicted bulging, distorted figures on large canvasses in the middle, or corner, surrounded by uninterrupted, negative space. (Many Eastern styles of art have a tendency to portray people as tiny details in the corner of a massive landscape.) Usually used a limited colour range, often worked in white + black or one other colour. Often skips narrative information + detail, more emphasis on forms, curves +  swellings that hint toward vague details. Much style dislocation – didn’t just paint in one style, but many, often within the same painting. Post-Modern Despised the idea of tradition, suburbia, family values etc. Very iconoclastic. Liked to shock the rest of the art world, art critics etc.

Bill Rights

The Theory that the Fourteenth Amendment incorporates the Bill of Rights established the foundation for the Warren Court’s criminal procedure revolution. The U. S. Supreme Court has incorporated many of the protections and prohibitions in the Bill of Rights. These protections are available to criminal offenders. In this paper, I will discuss which protections do not apply to the states. And the differences between the two laws: procedural and substantive. As you continue on reading, you know about, which protection is considered procedural and substantive.The protection against â€Å"ex post facto† laws means that the State cannot pass a law after a person has committed a crime and then prosecute the person for the first crime. You can only be prosecuted under the laws that in effect at the time of the crime. The protection against â€Å"Bills of attainder† prevents the State from passing a law meant to punish a certain person without judicial process. The Fourth Amendment provides general protection against arbitrary search and seizure of person(s) and property. However, there are many exceptions to the Fourth Amendment that includes a warrant.It still, does not provide broad protection of the general public from inappropriate police conduct. The Fifth Amendment provides a handful amount of protection. The protection against â€Å"double jeopardy† (which means being tried more than once for the same offense) comes from this amendment. The right to remain silent came from a defendant’s Fifth Amendment right not to be compelled to be witness against himself. This Amendment provides a broad right to due process of law. The most important Amendment is the Sixth.This Amendment gives criminal defendants the right to assistance of counsel, the right to compel witnesses to appear at trial, the right to cross-examine witnesses at trial, the right to trial by jury, and the right to be informed of the nature of charges that have been fi led against them. The right to speedy a trial allows the defendant’s trial to be waived and prevents the state from incarcerating a defendant. Procedural law comprises the set of rules that govern the proceedings of the court in criminal lawsuits as well as civil and administrative proceedings.The court needs to conform to standards setup by procedural law, during proceedings. These rules ensure fair practice and consistency in the â€Å"due process†. Substantive law is a statutory law that deals with the legal relationship between people or the people and the state. Therefore, substantive law defines the rights and duties of the people, but procedural law lays down the rules with the help of which they are enforced (Procedural Law vs. Substantive Law, 2013). Procedural law is exactly what the name implies. It sets out the procedure for how a criminal case would proceed.Every state has their own set of procedures which is usually written in a set of rules called a â₠¬Å"code of criminal procedure†. Substantive law deals with the â€Å"substance† of your charges. Every charge is comprised of elements. Elements are the specific acts needed to complete a crime. This law requires that the prosecutor prove every element of the crime in order for someone to be convicted of the crime. I believe that the Fourth Amendment is procedural because it takes procedures to be able to search and seizure a person(s) and their property.You just can’t go in and search with a reason and a warrant. To obtain a warrant you have to have a reason and steps to receive it. The Fifth Amendment is substantive because it deals with the structure and facts of the case. It defines the rights and duties of the defendant. The Sixth Amendment has the most procedural rights. It enable the right to a speedy a trial, impartial jury, informed of nature and cause of accusation, confront opposing witnesses compulsory process for obtaining favorable witnesses and rig ht to counsel. In conclusion, the U. S.Supreme Court has, through the due process clause of the 14th Amendment, incorporated many of the protections and prohibitions contains in the Bill of Rights. While reading this paper, you now know the protections that are available to criminal offenders through the bill of rights that do not currently apply to the states. You also read about the differences between procedural and substantive protections for the criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights. Included in this paper, you read about which protections were procedural and substantive in the Bill of Rights.

Book Report on Little Princes

Book Report on Little Princes Essay How far would you push your boundaries to follow the insecure passion of altruistic salvation without the dire ability of foreseeing its outcome? One man is audacious enough to fulfill his self-assigned responsibility of family reunion in one of the most remote part of Nepal- Humla – without the apprehension of the imminent complications. Conor who desperately craved for a ‘radical change’ by traveling around the globe and volunteering in a war-torn nation (initially for impressing his colleagues and family); is yet to encounter life’s greatest trial which would later transform him beyond his expectations. ‘Little Princes’ is a compiled memoir of a ‘University of Virginia’; graduate, Conor Grennan ,which entails heart-rending story of those deprived but extremely resilient children; deceitfully contrasting to the title that provides a euphoric outlook. After Conor left East/West Institute where he worked as Deputy Director for Governance program; he ventured to volunteer at ‘Little Princes Children Home’ when Maoist insurgency in the country reached its pinnacle. At the beginning mope and reluctant, Conor constantly questions and fears his competency to cope with the children and circumstances in the country chosen for volunteering. But when Conor is revealed with the unavoidable truth about none of the children being at Little Princes being orphan; the stint volunteering becomes a part of grand-committed journey, never before attempted in the land of mystical mountains. Those children had been cruelly lacerated from their family by child-traffickers demanding hefty cash for their safety at the time of civil war; but later abandoned amidst the chaos of the Kathmandu Valley! Conor without any information of the family members or the relatives of the children ( as they were trafficked at an age when one doesn’t call their relatives with their names); has to tackle the compulsion to rely on faint hope and fate for the accomplishment of his commitment. But back in the capital while Conor risks his life in the breathtaking cliffs and numbing chilliness of Humla, his intimates Farid, Viva and his mentor Anna are operating Next Generation Nepal (NGN) the organization founded by Conor assisting the benevolent cause of combating child trafficking. As the memoir develops, it unfolds the root cause of the trafficking woes i.e. ‘Political Patronizing’ as a prominent theme; which influenced many like Golkka conduct trafficking during civil war. Conor who has managed various projects on Peace and reconciliation in Balkan explicitly criticizes the recruitment ‘One child per family ‘policy in Maoist stronghold places in Nepal. ‘If a five-year-old boy went missing in the United States, it would be front-page news for days. Entire towns would hold vigils. Millions of dollars would be spent†¦In Kathmandu, seven children vanished into thin air and nobody even missed them.’  Not only did the passionate cruise introduced Conor to his future wife but, Liz, who shared congruent ideology of selflessness; but also appeasing little teachers(the children) who rewarded him with the ability of compromising. Conor is spell-bounded by the children who effortlessly contrived happiness from ‘Drinking Jelly’ they ate, co-operatively handling ‘children home’ chores or be it curiously piling upon one another to ensure their faces in the tiny camera screen. All along Conor’s unpredictable journey the children had silently and secretly taught him the lessons of endurance and optimism. Conor, who eventually becomes immune to the monastery bells and habituated to swinging on metal bar of the overcrowded buses. As he mentions in the essay ‘How Taking notes and Living without indoor Plumbing would change my life’ (- published in Amazon): ‘the more time I spent in Nepal, the more normal these â€Å"strange† things became’ which is undoubtedly a tireless struggle of encompassing the love towards the children and their society. READ: Oedipus rex Essay Paper‘Little Princes’ is a solemn story of bridging over the tragic separation of children and their families so profoundly and wittily narrated. With a fair and reader friendly brevity, Conor leaves no stone unturned by vividly illustrating even the minute details; like the flashing of ‘I Love You’ each second in the watch borrowed from a friend by Santosh (a child from Little Princes) or the obscure plucking of blanket repairers with stringed harp around the shoulder, which gives a poetic justice to his life-changing experience in Nepal. Personally, it is a book capable of encapsulating and inspiring every reader to sort out the innate ability of absorbing evenness out of the odds. All in all the audacious adventure, riveting romance and devoted dedication yoked together makes ‘Little Princes’ a quintessential paradigm of how ‘real life can be stranger than fiction’; and guarantees your reading worthwhile till the end.  I have already made a difference in the lives of trafficked children as portion of my purchase is a contribution to Next Generation Nepal (NGN) working for the same altruistic cause; so when are you getting yours!

Parallel DC circuits Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Parallel DC circuits - Lab Report Example Hence, NI Multisim is an essential software that enables the user to observe the operation through simulation without performing that operation. Simulation software is play an important role in understanding how circuits operate in electronics. Electronic simulation software applies mathematical models to show the behaviour of an actual electric circuit. Electronics simulators include Circuitlogix, electronic work bench, NI Multisim among others. By simulating a circuit’s behaviour and response before building it, greatly improves efficiency and provides insights and relevant information concerning the behaviour and stability of electronics circuit designs. In many electrical circuits, it is important to determine the rate at which electrical energy is transferred into other forms of energy. To calculate power P for electrical appliances, we find the product of the current (A) through it and the Potential difference (V) across it. Thus, For resistors in series, the same current flows each of the resistors whereas the total sum of the voltage across each resistor equals to the total voltage applied. Therefore, the combined resistance is given by To study various waveforms on the DSO, the 3MHz Function Generator (TG300 Series) was connected to CH1 of DSO (Tektronix) using BNC leads. A sine wave of 1 kHz frequency and a root mean square voltage of 1.4145V was displayed on the screen. The period of the sine wave was determined using equation 1 in the introduction. Furthermore, the peak to peak voltage of a sine wave was measured and recorded as required. The waveforms and its FFT graphs were then printed out using the PC communication software. Similarly, a square wave with parameters 2 kHz frequency and 2Vpeak was shown on the screen. The period of the waveforms and the peak-to-peak voltages were determined. The FFT graphs were printed out as required. The above procedure was repeated for 1.5 kHz, 2Vpeak

American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Government - Essay Example The legislature already has enough time to pass whatever bills it needs to. If they were in session longer, all theyd do is pass more laws. And those extra laws theyd pass would be the kind of laws that no one wants or needs (if they wanted or needed them, theyd pass them during the regular session). That and those legislators would start thinking that legislating was their regular job - yuk. How strong militarily and economically was the United States in the 1790s? Could the United States have been very active in world affairs? What was the major goal of U.S. foreign policy then? Was it to protect U.S. citizens and their property? As the United States grew geographically, militarily, and economically, could the government remain isolationist? Why did the United States turn to an interventionist foreign policy? Why did the United States return to isolationist foreign policy after World War I? Could the United States be isolated from the world politically and still remain an economic power? Undoubtedly, the US could remain as an isolationist as it continued to expand outward. Even looking back at history, the country’s attempt to remain an isolationist during both World War II was not susceptible. The US verily had to enter both World Wars since it became a leader in the Western frontier. The United States returned to isolationist foreign policy since domestic problems plagued the country. Furthermore, Europe was in chaos itself and the US could not afford to indulge itself in such petty issues. No, the US has embraced the role of being a leader of the globe and is the world’s super power. Is it easy for the president and Congress to set a course for foreign policy? What kinds of measures can the United States use to combat terrorism? How can it defend its citizens against chemical and biological weapons? Schmidt, Steffen W., Mack C. Shelley, and Barbara A. Bardes.  Handbook of selected court cases to

Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Presentation - Essay Example Different scientist and researchers have taken it upon themselves to try and, understand the mechanism of the mysterious X chromosome as well as its inactivation amongst the female. i. A team of scientist in the Journal neuron noted a complexity in shutting and waking of chromosomes. Understanding the X- chromosomes mechanism of action, aids in the application of stem cells in treatment procedures (â€Å"The New York Times†). ii. Females have more genome diversity than males since different copies of X chromosome. Males have only a single X chromosome hence they do not possess genetic complexity compared to their female counterparts. The copies of X-chromosome possess different genes and this is an advantage since in case of a defective gene, there will be back up from another gene (â€Å"The New York Times†). i. According to a study done by Susumu Ohno, a Japanese biologist who first identified chromosome inactivation, one of the X chromosomes present in females usually becomes dormant and ceases producing proteins (â€Å"The New York Times†). ii. Another scientist by name Mary Lyon carried out a research by breeding mice. She realized that some offspring retained hair colour of their mothers and some retained that of their fathers. This explained chromosome inactivation since the colour gene is evident on the X chromosome (â€Å"The New York Times†). i. Following the discovery by Lyon, Jeremy Nathans from Johns Hopkins University together with his colleagues decided to investigate more on the works of Mary Lyon. They therefore carried out the following experiment. ii. Pictures from this experiment indicate that X chromosome inactivation leads to genetic diversity. Dr. Nathan hopes that his pictures could serve as an atlas in analysing effects of X chromosomes shutting in females (â€Å"The New York Times†). iii. The X-chromosomes form both parents could dominate opposite sides of an organ such like mothers X chromosome for the right and fathers X

Week 4 Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 4 Discussion Questions - Essay Example , an investment banker would prove to be of great support as he/she will guide the organization through the process and will recommend whether going public is in interest of the organization or not. The investment banker will be involved in investigating the organization in order to know its strengths, risks involved and overall business procedures in order to assist for going public. This research will accommodate with enough knowledge about whether going public will be advantageous for the organization or not. Financial leverage is there when the organization obtains loans or borrowings on the basis of its assets and intends that a greater rate of return will be there as compared to the interest rate. As far as operating leverage is concerned, it is the consideration of the degree of the fixed and variable costs involved in a business. Operating leverage is the measure of the rate of fixed operating costs of the organization while financial leverage is the measure of the rate of loan that an organization takes against its rate of assets. The risks involved in having an excessive amount of financial leverage in an organization are that the profitability of the organization and the return on equity of the organization lessen. This situation arises when the organization’s return on assets (ROA) is unable to enhance as compared to the interest that is inserted on loan taken for the organization. EBIT-EPS analysis can be defined as a pragmatic instrument with the help of which, a financial manager is able to investigate various substituted financial plans in terms of their effect on EPS (Earnings per Share) over a range of EBIT (Earnings before Interests and Taxes) levels. EBIT-EPS analysis is simply an analysis to calculate earnings per share at various levels of sales of earnings before interest and taxes. Into the EBIT-EPS analysis, the risk is handled quite ignored. With this analysis, the basic motive is to enhance the earnings per share; due to this fact,

Does social security adversely affect savings Essay

Does social security adversely affect savings - Essay Example This has therefore started a debate on the reduction of the social security taxes, much because the incentives offered through social security system are not convincing. Considering the fact that, the social security taxes deducted from the earnings of an individual are offered to the retired officers of that time, which means that, deducted amount is neither invested, and it is a source of profitability, which can be later shared with the individuals. The social security system has been meant out, only to collect amount from one end, and distribute it among other party. (Carolyn L. Weaver. Social Security's Looming Surpluses: Prospects and Implications. 1990. Longman. pp. 146) It is therefore more advisable that the individual save or invest the similar amount in some sort of business or financial scheme, and it is expected that the individual can earn appropriate amount during the period of his retirement. Critically, why should a person contribute towards such a system, which is neither investing nor offering any profit or return over the deducted amount, rather it only offers return back. (Christopher Borgman. Social Security, Demographics, and Risk. 2005. Springer Publications. pp. 174) Feldstein hasIMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM Feldstein has provided sufficient material to prove that the system of social security is responsible for decline in the accumulation of total capital. The social security system has adversely affected the domestic productivity; it is because the individual is offered with no other option but to contribute towards the social security system. It the similar contribution had been made by the individuals in banking and businesses would have improved the increased the magnitude of local financial and capital production. Feldstein has provided sufficient evidence to prove that the practice of Social Security is corrupted. It has been able to observe that the social security system is responsible for the reduction in the private saving and local investment, and therefore the magnitude of regression coefficient on the social security variable was negative. The magnitude of the regression coefficient was large enough to warn against the implementation was such exercise, because it had caused much setback for local savings. A large drop in the saving scheme has been experienced since the plan of social security was launched. It has further deplored the situation, as it is important to support and encourage personal saving, so that the activities of banks and other financial institutions can gain momentum. It is being critically evaluated whether the government bonds are based on net wealth for a society. If there is increase in the percentages of the taxes, the government is likely to borrow lesser amount from public, and it can be expected that the government might reduced the percentage of taxes in the future years. This entire system is analogous to the social security system, where the government cuts heavy rates from individuals during particular course of time, and later reduces it, and then offers the packages during the retirement period in corresponding quantities. This practice itself is not fair and appreciable, the amount of social security

White Privilege and Male Privilege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

White Privilege and Male Privilege - Essay Example It is for this reason that privilege may be seen as a special immunity or entitlement that is granted by socioeconomic and political systems to individuals, based on gender, race, creed, ideology, ethnicity or religion. There seems to be a strong correlation between privilege and Protestant work ethic. The correlation is based on the fact that privilege modifies or encourages Protestant work ethic. Particularly, gender-related socioeconomic privilege encourages Protestant work ethics by placing work and responsibility on male shoulders, while the woman is sidestepped. The situation is compounded by a patriarchal society [as was in the case of pre-1950s America] where the forces of production such as capital, land and labor and even opportunities are inordinately in the hands of the male industrialists and capitalists. According to McIntosh, normally, the male industrialists, entrepreneurs and capitalists were white American. Specifically, given that Protestant work ethic stresses that people should be seriously dexterous and taking their social security into their hands, the socioeconomic marginalization of women and non-White Americans has appeared somewhat justifiable, given that white men were the ones appropriating the means of production, accessing opportunities and shouldering responsibilities (McIntosh, 126, 127). In almost the same wavelength, there also seems to be a strong correlation between privilege and the bootstrap myth. Particularly, also known as the meritocracy myth, the bootstrap myth postulates that any person can go to the US with nothing and through the application of virtues such as diligence and upright living; the same could rise into the middle class within three generations. The concept of privilege relates with the bootstrap myth, by compounding it. This is because; those that are socioeconomically advantaged in the society use the bootstrap myth to explain away the reality of socioeconomic disparity that exists between race-based and/ or gender-based social classes. The gravity of the matter immediately above is that the bootstrap myth and the inordinately and unfairly distributed privileges easily conjoin to serve as a tool in the hands of the dominant culture or class. For instance, in the pre-1950s America, Caucasian males used the same to support the idea that the Ame rican society was fair and egalitarian and that race-based or gender-based or ethnic-based discrimination and segregation had been faced out. To this effect, the underdogs such as women and African Americans were underprivileged simply because they were shiftless sluggards. Another way in which the bootstrap myth seems to propound sexist ideas against women is its penchant for overlooking the considerable degree of success that women have made. More than half of women in the US are presently middle class, though this is never mentioned in the bootstrap myth, and thereby helping underscore the suspicion that the theory is always amenable to sexist mindsets. A critical observer will find the bootstrap theory objectionable on the ground that success in America is a culmination of several factors such as education, political rights, knowledge of English, gender-based hiring and promotion practices, growth of the labor market, family support, parents' class and education and internalized sexism and/ or racism. Also, the idea of Protestant work ethic can be seen to be neither supportive nor compatible with the truth on the socioeconomic realities of gender-based discrimination. The Protestant work ethic assumes that diligence and being upright are the chief and sole ingredients of success, while this is not the case. On the contrary, there are other factors that determine

Service quality management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Service quality management - Research Paper Example Online banking, for instance provide customers with an enhanced way of running financial processes and the rapid use of mobile payment reduce the needs for carrying cash. However, most of the times banks back office have thousands of employees that are handling customer requests. This traditional way of executing customer requests is costly and slow, lead to delays in handling customer’s needs and it contains higher error rate. In our research, it was obvious that the chance for automating the back office operations is exists. By redesigning the IT-infrastructure, banks will be able to provide the same financial services with smaller operational divisions running value-adding responsibilities, such as deal originating, loan requests, and any financial process that might require human involvement such as financial reviews. In this report, we will examine and analyze the processes of providing financial services to customers in Dubai. XYZ bank is facing a lot of quality issues i n providing financial services to its customers. The process is taking long time, for example, sometimes the verification process is delayed for 7 days, and the bank is suffering the high cost of its back office. Service Quality Role in Improving Quality of Services in the Banking Industry: A Case of XYZ Bank Recent years has witnessed tremendous changes in the business world which have presented serious challenges to the performance of businesses. These changes have been attributed to a number of factors including increasing customers and shareholders’ expectations, technological advancements and increased competition among other factors (Kotler and Keller, 2006, p. 23). The banking industry is one of the industries that have been greatly impacted by the changes in the business world and particularly the technological advancements. Service quality is one of the areas that many banks have focused on in an effort to gain competitive advantage over their rivals. Service quality is defined as the sum effect of service performances that are essential in determining the level or degree of satisfaction of a particular user of the services being offered or provided (Harvey, 2008, p. 584). Quality is viewed as what the customer perceives of a certain delivered service by a particular service provider. Service quality can thus be said to be the comparison that a customer makes between his expectations with the service provider’s performance. Banks use the service quality tool to improve their employees’ productivity and customer satisfaction (David, 2001, p. 86). This paper will investigate the role that service quality plays in improving quality of services in the banking industry by looking at a case of the XYZ bank. It will look at the key issues of the bank, their consequences and how the bank is dealing with these issues. Service quality is a critical determinant and prerequisite of competitiveness for creating and sustaining satisfying relati onship between service provider and the customers (Wang and Wang, 2006, p. 4). It is thus an important indicator and measure of customer satisfaction and organization therefore needs to pay more attention to service quality that can lead an organization to gain a lasting competitive advantage. Banks have wildly employed service quality as a tool of evaluating performance of their service (Berry and Zeithami, 2009, p. 45). The advent of internet has incredibly

Rodney King Essay Example for Free

Rodney King Essay Initially, I did not have that much knowledge of the Rodney King beating. I have heard of the event on multiple occasions and the brutality that came about after the trial verdict. I only had knowledge of King being an African American man who was beaten by white officers. I didnt know he was speeding and that it led to a police chase. As to the riots, I had known of the protests and the violent outbreaks against the verdict of the officers. Hearing of Los Angeles people stand up against such a aye as Kings gave me a good feeling. I strongly disagree with any form of prejudice acts and knowing that people from such a mixed city stood against it as well made me happy. Because of my little knowledge of such an event In Californias history, I think that It was In Anna Deveare Smiths mind that years later, young kids will not know about Rodney King. using a stance such as people that were actually involved in riots or effected by them or Just knew about the events because they lived in LA is such a throng point of view to see. Reading real words that people spoke and see them portrayed on stage would be so much more effective than any fictional play that Smith could have thought of in the first place. She captured the events of through peoples words, different ethnicities and backgrounds at that, and that is something that history books could never show. Twilights recognition that we must reach across ethnic boundaries Is simple but true.

Psychology and Pets Essay Example for Free

Psychology and Pets Essay When you are tired of stress from work, pets can encourage you to go out for a walk to release stress or play with you in the garden. Pets bring you some moments of relaxation and mind refreshment, which makes you never feel lonely even when you live with no one. It is obvious that pets can create new attitudes towards life for people, particularly for the disabled and withdrawn who are always not confident in communicating or taking part in social activities. By keeping pets, they may become more sociable, open and approachable because they can interact, communicate and play with their pets. Due to the advantages it offers, keeping pets becomes a popular, especially in Eastern countries, for the older generation, who often live far from their children. In these situations, pets are truly their close friends, helping them remove the feeling of emptiness and loneliness. The companionship of pets may meet some basic human needs, which is not easily explained in theory but is believed by most people. Pets guard houses and save peoples lives. In many cases, people choose to keep dogs for their home security. The houses will become safer because strangers might be scared that they will be attacked by the animals inside. When you are out and you leave your house empty, you do not have to worry that burglars may break into the house and take away valuable assets even when you return home at mid night. If there is any intruder or strange persons around your house, dogs will bark loudly, making a noise to frighten the stranger and give you a warning. Pets can protect not only the assets but also save peoples lives. Dogs and sometimes cats can attack the burglars to protect the owners in case they are harmed. Many owners can stay alive due to the protection from the dogs they keep in their houses. Pets enhance nice behavior among children Researchers showed that children who usually play with pets can behave nicely and become more caring. Playing with pets and learning how to treat them with love may help uncommunicative children be agile and affable, which is important for their growth in the distant future. Kids sometimes find no interest in getting outside, but they may alter their decisions immediately if they see that they can take a cat or a dog along. Teenagers, whose parents are too busy to spend time with them, sometimes have to face with bland lives and loneliness. In these scenarios, they consider pets to be their alter ego who they can play and talk with, which can solve some kind of emotional problems that children are vulnerable to get. It is believed that teaching kids to treat kittens and puppies with care and kindness is of great importance for forming their behaviors and characteristics. To sum up, keeping pets is not merely a habit but is one way of relaxation and amusement. Moreover, keeping pets does not only guard your house but also fulfills some basic mental human needs.

The Culture And Cricket Media Essay

The Culture And Cricket Media Essay Sports play an important role in the life of millions across the globe. Not only are the social and political identities shaped through them, but it also mobilizes the emotions and channels the conflicts rooted in the society. Just like the soccer world cup can unite a divided Spanish society, a cricket match can rouse the passions of the thousands of Indian fans thus uniting them across religions. Sports form a part of the worldwide entertainment industry. The corporates have millions riding on the different tournaments and cups in the games and to increase their marketability they hire sports stars to be the brand ambassadors of their products, investing in the saleability of the game and its icon. Distinct social meanings can be constructed and deconstructed through the sports and their interplay with the society. A few sports have now developed into social forces of unprecedented importance. Andrei Markovits has talked about the evolution of the hegemonic sports culture in which only a few sports become a part of the popular culture. It is defined by watching, following, worrying, debating, living, and speaking a sport rather than merely playing it. This is demonstrated in the following that the sports nowdays have huge following, fans live, eat and breathe their favourite sports. Cricket is one of the sports that have been elevated to being a part of the popular culture and it influences the cultural and social milieu and the life of people. Cricket has acquired an unimaginable power over the daily habits of people and as a sport has crossed the immediate consumer-producer relationship. The game of cricket has evolved over a period of time and our focus will be on its development from a gentlemans game to the game of sledging and to the game of gamesmanship behaviour. Cricket has its cultura l and historical roots in Victorian England. The Victorian tradition of the sport defines it as a predominantly male game and its image as a gentlemans game is drawn from it. Cricket was the game associated with aristocracy while soccer has been the game associated with masses. The mark of the game has been the fairplay and the sportsmanship. The values of courtesy and chivalry were seeked to be imbibed in the game. Rules were to be followed on-field and decorum was to be maintained both on and off-field. There are not rules in cricket but laws which have to be followed keeping in spirit with the nature of the game. Britains imperialism and its bourgeoisie capitalistic culture, codified the language of the game and the rules and regulations were universally accepted. As Steve Readhead had put it that it was time to take law and cricket seriously and there is nothing as important as Cricket. A strict application of laws was expected and a spirit of chivalry inundated the game. The 18 th century was important in the spread of the game due to English imperialism. The game was transported to the colonies of the British Commonwealth and the tradition of the game was fully adhered to. Sanskritization was a theory propounded by M.N. Srinivas which postulates that the lower strata of the society seeks upward mobility in the social ladder by emulating the habits and practices of the upper strata. But what followed in cricket was its reverse sanskritization. Initially cricket in the Indian subcontinent was an elitist game patronized by the royalty and played by the upper strata of the society who appreciated the elitist culture of the game. The doyens of cricket included Maharajas of Jamnagar, Maharaja Viji of Vijaynagar, Maharaja of Patiala who belonged to the royal families while the prominent players like Lala Amarnath, Vijay Merchant belonged to the upper social class. Till the 1930s Cricket remained the gentlemans game and fairplay was of paramount importance. But slowly changes could be observed in the way the game was played. In the era following the first world war chauvinistic sentiments were on the rise. Feelings of nationalism increased in the people which were visible in every domain of life including the sports culture. To win the game became the number one priority of the sportsperson and this change was visible in the game of cricket too. Now winning involved the nations prestige. Cricket is a game worth taking trouble over and playing well, wrote Douglas Jardine, the former England cricket captain, in Cricket: How to Succeed (1936), but like all other games there is a right and a wrong way of playing it (Jardine 1936: 3). The changing times reflected the changing sentiments in the way cricket was played. In 1930 Australia had scored an easy victory over England with the emergence of the legendary batsman Donald Bradman. His brilliant performance in the test series had made the English fearful. In the 1932 test series between England and Australia, the priority of the English bowlers was to contain Bradmans score. Under captain Douglas Jardine, and employed by the England fast bowlers Harold Larwood and Bill Voce a new technique of bowling was developed whereby a batsman could be contained by limiting the range of his strokes and by encouraging error. This was called the bodyline or fast-leg theory. The bowlers targeted the body of the Australian batsman. The deliveries used to be led provoked the batsman which would then end in a catch to one of the six or more fielders stationed on the leg side. Thus the Australian Board of Cricket lodged a formally protested against the unsportsmanlike behavior by the English players. This test series was controversial as it engendered ill-feeling between the two countries and it also raised among the English and the Australians, questions about the interpretations that codes of cricket mean and could mean. Questions were also raised about the right and wrong way to play and these included the cultural and social interface and their relation with the game. Systems of meanings were explored in the game by both sides that had previously been left implicit. Post the Bodyline series The Australian journalist and cricketer Arthur Mailey pointed that something modern was happening to cricket. Argus newspaper explained bodyline as a portrayal of a new set of values which was a result of the modern age (Mailey 1933: 12; Stoddart 1979: 136). C. L. R. James also read the series in these terms, though he saw Jardines strategy as an escalation of cricketing tendencies already established by Bradman himself. It was the violence and ferocity of our age expressing itself in cricket, he writes in Beyond a Boundary (James 1963: 186). The reverse sanskritization of cricket was palpable, the upper strata of society had adopted the social mores of the lower strata. Aggression became a part of the play and victory became the aim of the players which was to be attained at all costs. As Jardine had put it the right and the wrong way of playing described the ambiguity between the moral and the technical semantics, which defined the aftermath of victories in Australia. Jardine resigned as the English captain after the series, but the game lost its sense of fairplay and sportsmanship. The elitist culture was giving way to mass culture. Sportsmanship slowly gave way to gamesmanship. The spirit of the cricket laws was replaced by the letters. Vinoo Mankad Mankaded Bill Brown. It occurred during Indias tour of Australia on 13 December 1947 in the second test match at Sydney. Mankading is a method of dismissal in which the bowler runs a batsman out in his delivery stride. While it is a statistically rare occurrence in cricket in general, and even rarer in Test cricket, it is the clearest and starkest example of the conflict between legal formalism in cricket and an ideal of the game based on higher or more important ethical norms. Sledging has become a part of contemporary cricket added by the problems of match fixing. The game shifted from being an elitist culture to a game of the masses. The commercialization resulted in the real essence of cricket being lost. Due to commercialization there has been an increase in level of competition between the teams. Though big bucks are being made by people involved yet the quality of the game is being compromised. The gentlemans game became the game of the masses. It is evident that there are two dominant trains of thought, one that believes in the higher order of the game, which was practised in the days gone by. Fairplay was the code of the game and the laws which were to be applied to the game reinforced the higher and truer order of the game. The hegemonic sports culture represents frozen spaces. These spaces are like the ones presented by political parties and political systems which are resistant to any innovation in the system. Changes are resisted by the social and cultural forces. Sports spaces create emotional attachments and collective identifications. Tradition defines these spaces at local, national and regional level. Globalization exerts pressures on the localized sports cultures which they resist. Sports like politics remains local, the love that people have for their sport and their institutions associated with it like the myths, legends, colours and the pubs and bars. Thus change is always resisted due to the fear of losing t hese attachments and the sense of identity. But the post industrial globalization is exerting unprecedented pressure on the sports spaces. The cultural and social spaces are being challenged by the globalization. The identities and allegiances which constitute the differences in the landscape of sports and politics began to blur round the edges. Hegemonic sports cultures are becoming prolific across the globe, at pace with the development of media and pop culture which are interdependent. An example here can be given of the IPL 20-20 which in origin is Indian but has a universal following. The foreign and the Indian players are given equal respect and are admired by all. In the present age sports like cricket present a cosmopolitan culture which cannot be found in the society which is deeply divided on basis of borders and religion. Cricket provides attachments and allegiances and a new form of cosmopolitan identity. This cosmopolitan nature of the sport facilitates an acknowledgeme nt of the best talents and it transforms the collective identities. Like Ronaldinho and Zidane, the greatest and the best known of the soccer players, Sachin Tendulkar too is adored and worshipped by millions of cricket fans across the globe. He too has attained a celebrity status and is a cultural icon. He is a superstar in his own right and is a truly global player. He has a cultural production beyond the playing field. Cricket is my religion and Sachin is my God. Is one of the sayings which can describe the mania associated with Tendulkar. Youth not only adore and worship a Tendulkar or a Lara, they try to adopt their aggression, composure, warmth into their personality. Cricketers shape and mould the youth behaviour. They follow their slangs, dress, hairstyle and attitude. Players are globally admired and they are representatives of cultural understandings of the worlds diverse societies. Often the sports spaces are the first through which migrants gain social acceptance and recognition. Hence cricket in a way is a medium of cultural exchange. An other example that can be given is of the infamous Monkeygate Scandal involving the Autralian cricketer Andrew Symonds and Indian cricketer Harbhajan Singh. Singh was accused to racially abusing Symonds. This had led to rigorous protests by the Indian fans and there was resentment against Symonds in the Indian cricket followers. But he was accepted and adored by the fans nce he joined the IPL as a member of the Mumbai Indians. Maarten Van Bottenburg and Johan Heilbron have shown in their research on Ultimate fighting and other No Holds Barred Events that these sports had developed in opposition to the overly cosmopolitan and sportized venues. Men wanted a fight without rules without being overly regulated. They wanted to find out who the best was and who would be the last man standing without being hassled any authority and bureaucratic system. They were not there to find out who the best wrestler or the best boxer was, but they wanted to know who the best fighter was. This transformation was visible in cricket too. Cricket has always had a strong male bias among its followers and the masculine idea of the patriarchal Victorian England formed the opinions about cricket being essentially a male game. The effeminate and technical Test cricket slowly lost its sheen to limited 50 over cricket and finally to 20-20. The shorter form of game were considered virile, no hold barred power display and excited the mas ses. From the leisurely gentlemans game cricket became an aggressive sport whose priority was to please the spectators. The contests used to be localized earlier but due to the quick channels of communication, these attained global dimensions by acquiring rules and regulations and television contracts. When Bill Shankly had been asked to explain the importance of soccer, the Liverpool manager had exclaimed: Some people think football is a matter of life or death. I dont like that attitude. I can assure them it is much more important than that. Cricket can easily be substituted for soccer in the context of the Indian subcontinent. The games can vary from country to country yet the social and cultural phenomena associated with each game are the same everywhere.

The Black Panther Party Essay -- essays research papers fc

"There is nothing more dangerous than a large segment of people in society that feel that they have no place or stake in it, who feel they have nothing to lose. People who have stake in the society perpetuate that society, when they don't have it, they unconsciously want to destroy it." Unknown As a culture, we are told how to act, think, and speak among other things. We are taught to do what is considered "right" and if we choose not to, we are punished, ridiculed, and considered a menace to society. We are considered thuggish and belittled and put down for living in an alternative way. Don't get me wrong, there is some good in having a controlled society because it brings some order and stability within our society. However, the questions at hand are, could there be a way for those who do realize that we're being controlled to free themselves from the power and control that causes them to become oppressed? Could it be that we are bound and constrained and unable to have some type of agency in order to be free? If we can free ourselves, what type of agency is used? These questions are the basis for my paper. I plan to present examples of control and oppression through the film Panther that shows the struggle of the Black Panther Party of Self-Defense. The film takes place in the 1960's and it shows the struggles that the members had to go through in order to form some type of agency to free themselves from the control and oppression that the government had over their lives and their community. Huey Newton and Bobby Seale were two African-American men growing up in the ghetto of California where they saw and experienced racism and police brutality. There voices weren't heard when it came to their communities and it took three young children to die by car crashes, and a peaceful candlelight vigil that turned into a fight between a neighborhood and the police (In which the police covered up their badges so that no one could report them to the police department) for them to want to make... ...oes have a place in society because without it, there would be no stability within our society and everything would be chaotic and confusing. However, for those who don't want to be controlled, and do have a form of agency which they feel will free them really don't seem to be free anyway. It seems to me that no matter what you do, say, or learn you are always controlled. I thought that the fact that the Panther Party becoming knowledgeable would have worked very well but soon some laws were changed such as the one concerning being able to carry firearms as long as they were in clear view. After all they went through they still weren't free. Many of the Panthers were either killed while fighting for the cause or are now political prisoners. So, from my observation, the only agency available to free oneself from oppression is, to become knowledgeable and that only works to a certain extent. I guess there is no plain yes or no answer to my question about whether we can free ourselves from oppression. It's as if you think you've won when you really haven't. Works Cited Panther. Dir. Mario Van Peebles. Polygram Video. 1995.

The Diver :: essays research papers

â€Å"The Diver† Robert Currie’s â€Å"The Diver†, on the surface, recounts a diver’s descent and ascent into a river as onlookers eagerly anticipate his fate. Beneath the surface, this poem is actually very spiritual. The diver’s descent into the water, and his arising from the water, can be compared to the crucifixion of Jesus. Through the masterful use of imagery and Biblical comparisons, Currie depicts the message that rebirth and hope can captivate and revitalize our spirits. An essential key to the theme of â€Å"The Diver† is through the subtle yet prevailing use of Biblical references. From the very beginning of Currie’s poem, a simile is used when describing the â€Å"bridge like a Roman fort†. This helps to set the tone that something important is about to happen and also provides a Biblical base to the structure of the poem. Lines four to six describe the man’s journey up towards the bridge. This journey can be compared to Jesus’ struggle towards the top of the hill where he was crucified. Perhaps this man was also carrying a â€Å"load on his shoulders†, so to speak. The poem becomes even more Biblical as â€Å"others bet upon his chance†, much like Jesus’ own fate. As the diver prepares for the inevitable, his situation has Biblical meaning. â€Å"At the summit of the span he rose/ his arms outstretched/ flung a cross against the sun†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, are perhaps three of the most powerful lin es in the poem. These lines are followed by much anticipation from the crowd below. The dive symbolizes the end of something, which is also supported when â€Å"The river circling away/ grew silent as held breath/ still as death†. These lines make is seem as though everything, and everyone, even the river, are â€Å"holding their breath† in anticipation of the outcome of the dive. Then, starting at line twenty-one, the rebirth begins, as, â€Å"from unknown depths/ his head broke the water/ shook out a crown of sunlit spray. There is a strong Biblical presence in the comparisons used in this poem, which help to support the theme of hope and rebirth, while providing powerful imagery. A vital element of Currie’s â€Å"The Diver† is the strong presence of imagery, which helps to sustain the theme of captivating hope. The image of â€Å"the solitary figure† provokes a strong sense of despair, followed by his painful struggle â€Å"up the arch†. The images give the impression that the events are unfolding in a captivating slow-motion means.

Essay --

Potato across Countries The cultivation of Potato has increased in the last fifty years all around the world. However, its consumption has decreased considerably for the past twenty years because in the developed countries. This is because these some of these developed countries have more abundant proteinous foods rather than depend on starchy food for survival. In the subsequent parts of this paper, the comparative analysis of potato in the China and France will be explored. It is believed that the Dutch introduced Potato in China around 1600. It has since been grown in the mountainous areas of western and northern China. It was not perceived with much vitality and its cultivation in China was not so important until the early years of the twentieth century. New varieties of exceedingly-yielding Potatoes and new technologies for harvesting and processing of the crop has substantially increased. The government of China began experimenting with Potato in the year 1914. Since then, improved varieties of Potato and advanced breeding methods have been discovered and put in to practice in China. Potato finally became of a highly important crop in China around the Second World War. This was a time when the nationalists and communists parties of the country and also the invading army of Japan discovered the advantages of a crop that can be grown easily, stored for considerable months and more easy to be transported. After the war ended, Potato cultivation exceed ingly increased all around China; most especially in â€Å"Ganzu, Guizhou, Inner part of Mongolia, Yunnan and Sichuan†. The crop could be cultivated over the winter even in the warmer region of the southern part of China. Consequently, in 1950 the production of Potato had the attained... ...rop became more abundant and relatively nutritious causing it to be grown by more sections of the French society. Potato helped support large families and population explosion in France just like in China. The French have their own Potato which differs from that of the Chinese and they are namely; White Wine Smashed Potatoes, Three-Cheese Potato Gratin and Potatoes Fondantes. Today, Potato is still grown mainly in the Southern region of France. New varieties are being planted with modernized farming equipment just like in China. Work Cited Smith, Andrew F. Potato: A Global History. London: Reaktion, 2011. Print. â€Å"Early History of the Potato in France.† The American Farmer; Devoted to Agriculture, Horticulture etc.(1881-1897) Jan 15 1893: 7. ProQuest. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. Reader, John. Potato: A History of the Propitious Esculent. New Haven: Yale UP, 2009. Print.

Case Study of the Spanish Retail Chain Zara

The Spanish retail chain, Zara, owned by Inditex is a retailer that has been so successful in our world of globalization and new technologies today by simply adopting a new approach in the industry. With their simple business model of speed, flexibility, and high fashion, Zara has the competitive advantage to be sustainable. Zara was founded by Amancio Ortega Gaona (Ortega), in 1975 and went on to become the flagship brand of the holding company, Industria de Diseno Textil, SA, popularly called Inditex, which was founded in 1979. As of 2002, Inditex operated six separate chains, that being, Zara, Massimo Dutti, Pull & Bear, Bershka, Stradivarius, and Oysho. However, each chain operates independently and is responsible for its own strategy, product design, sourcing and manufacturing, distribution, image, personnel, and financial results. Zara, which contributes around 80 per cent of group sales (Grant 2005, p. 398), is by far the largest, most profitable, and most internationalized of the chains. Its stores can now be found in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. With year-on-year sales increasing at around 25% over the last 5 years, it has become one of the world’s fastest growing retailers (University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing). Discussion The global apparel market is a consumer-driven industry (Criag, Jones & Nieto, 2004) in which profits derived from â€Å"unique combinations of high-value research, design, sales, marketing, and financial services that allow retailers, branded marketers, and branded manufacturers to act as strategic brokers in linking overseas factories†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ with markets (Collins 2003, p. 44). Zara's business model can be broken down into three basic components: concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zara's fundamental concept is to maintain design, production, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands and tastes. The main business tactics of the company in context of its business model is:- (i) Short lead time: More fashionable clothes and embracing quick changing customer's tastes. (ii) Decentralized Management: Taking advantage of the intelligence and trust the judgment of employees. (iii) Lower quantities: Inventory will be formidable burden in perishable products. (iv) More styles: Providing more choices for customers and more chances of meeting the customers taste. At the heart of Zara's success is a vertically integrated business model spanning design, just-in-time production, marketing and sales. The distinctive vertical integration feature of Zara’s business model, has allowed the company to successfully develop a strong merchandising strategy. This strategy has led Zara to create a climate of scarcity and opportunity as well as a fast-fashion system. Currently, H&M is Inditex’s major competitor. Swedish retailer H&M has been growing at an average rate of 20% annually in the past two decades. These two European retailers are known for their ‘fast fashion’ had unique business models and growth strategies which have enabled them to expand quickly and successfully beyond their own borders. With the European markets becoming saturated, Both companies are expanding outside Europe and establish their hegemony in the world market. Yet what is it that distinguishes Zara from H&M and its other competitors? In its process of expanding globally, Zara, unlike its competitors such as Gap, Benetton, and H&M, does not use cheap Asian outsourcing. Eighty percent of Zara’s materials are manufactured in Europe, with fifty percent made in Zara controlled facilities in the Galicia region of Spain near headquarters. Though the cost of production in Spain more expensive compared to Asia, Zara still manages to maintain competitive advantage over its competitors in regards to operations. Zara maintains local strategic partnerships with manufacturers and suppliers in Europe and this proximity gives Zara great flexibility in adapting their product lines based on up to date market trends and consumer behaviour while decreasing costs of holding inventory. This proximity effect and the flexibility give Zara its competitive edge in comparison to their peers. However, the business strategies adopted by Zara, does have its setbacks to Zara’s success. The vertical integration concept often leads to the inability to acquire economies of scale, which means Zara cannot gain the advantages of producing large quantities of goods for a discounted rate which leads to higher costs being incurred as they have to set a higher pricing of Zara products outside of Europe in order to cover supply costs. Zara has not invested in distribution facilities to support their global expansion. As a result, despite being able to quickly supply their stores at present, they may not be able to supply to a larger number of retail locations due to their â€Å"centralized logistic† model. Even though Zara has been successful at scaling up its distribution system, the centralized logistics system might eventually be subject to diseconomies of scale as Zara continues to open stores all around the world and ships product from its single Distribution Center in Europe. This system may work well with the current number of stores because majority of the stores are centralised in Europe. However, Zara won’t be benefiting from short lead times and low operational cost with a single central Distribution Center model in terms of globalisation and branching out into other countries. Conclusion To successfully expand globally, Zara should focus on one country at a time. Our team concludes that Zara’s current focus should be international expansion in a country that has an open trade market with well formed trade regulations as this provides a safer business environment. During the globalization process, Zara should maintain short lead time, quick inventory turnover, leading fashion brand and low advertising cost as its competitive advantage. As a result of their product cycle, Zara gives their customers the feeling of scarcity because new items are presented weekly and are often not restocked, and this encourages customers to come to the stores and buy frequently. As such, Zara invests more in their store layouts as compared to marketing. Their cost advantage and ability to maintain brand recognition and customer loyalty along with other factors such as regional distribution center, vertical integration, outsourcing and eye-catching window displays are essential elements for Zara to build value in the company and to continue to re-invent and innovate themselves to stay fresh in the apparel industry.

Long distance trade across Afro-Eurasia

Long distance change totally over in truth gaind in Afro-Eurasia from 500c. e. to 1500c. e. several(prenominal) of the reasons for the increase included the introduction of camels, exile with boats, and passage on the silk roadsteadtead. nigh of these quite a little routes were easier to charm stuff to a greater ex ext(prenominal) efficiently, only if they all were used. Firstly, camels were introduced in nigh 300c. e.. This was a jumbo upgrade from the donkeys because camels could go up to ten days without drinking body of pissing. This make distribute easier since camels could make the trek crossways the Sahara and didnt need much in invert as distant as water goes.At one point on that point were up to 5,000 camels used in the emigration of goods crossways the Sahara. The camels made it so the Sahara was no long a barrier for hatful from north and south of the Sahara. Transportation over water took a major graphic symbol in transporting goods. People were no longer however commerce valuable goods because it was expenditure the trip, with boats they could drop back a lot of pack so they could trail items for the middle and unhorse class. With boats they could haul enough cargo for push-down store markets and a bunch of different items such as wood and heavier things that camels or donkeys couldnt carry. intimately of the wood could be taken places by the Sahara where they couldnt get trees to grow to public figure houses. Lastly, the silk road was a major factor of vocation because it wasnt all to the spunkyest degree just the goods, they got a lot to a greater extent(prenominal) other things from the different people trading with them. With the silk roads increasing, it allowed little villages to turn into larger city/states that were mainly based on traffic. They could make a lot of currency from taxes by charging people that came on the roads through in that respect city for passing.The silk roads were first mainly based wrap up of silk coming out of China, plus sumptuous and spices getting traded for the silk. Most of the goods being traded were of mellowed value, since it was difficult going so uttermost on foot so it had to be worth it in the end. These topics are wherefore the trade really increased from 500c. e. to 1500c. e. almost of these reasons were due to transference with camels, loony toons with boats, and expatriate on the silk road and how all of these helped fountain the trading routes in action. These allowed traders to trade more freely and carry more goods efficientlyLong distance trade across Afro-EurasiaLong distance trade really increased in Afro-Eurasia from 500c.e. to 1500c.e. Some of the reasons for the increase included the introduction of camels, transportation with boats, and transportation on the silk roads. Some of these trade routes were easier to transport stuff more efficiently, but they all were used.Firstly, camels were introduced in about 30 0c.e.. This was a big upgrade from the donkeys because camels could go up to ten days without drinking water. This made trade easier since camels could make the trek across the Sahara and didnt need much in return as far as water goes. At one point there were up to 5,000 camels used in the transportation of goods across the Sahara. The camels made it so the Sahara was no longer a barrier for trade from north and south of the Sahara.Transportation over water took a major role in transporting goods. People were no longer just trading valuable goods because it was worth the trip, with boats they could haul a lot of cargo so they could haul items for the middle and lower class. With boats they could haul enough cargo for mass markets and a bunch of different items such as wood and heavier things that camels or donkeys couldnt carry. Most of the wood could be taken places by the Sahara where they couldnt get trees to grow to class houses.Lastly, the silk road was a major grammatical con stituent of trading because it wasnt all about just the goods, they got a lot more other things from the different people trading with them. With the silk roads increasing, it allowed little villages to turn into large city/states that were mainly based on trade. They could make a lot of coin from taxes by charging people that came on the roads through there city for passing. The silk roads were first mainly based score of silk coming out of China, plus bills and spices getting traded for the silk. Most of the goods being traded were of high value, since it was difficult going so far on foot so it had to be worth it in the end.These topics are wherefore the trade really increased from 500c.e. to 1500c.e. Some of these reasons were due to transportation with camels, transportation with boats, and transportation on the silk road and how all of these helped reverberate the trading routes in action. These allowed traders to trade more freely and carry more goods efficiently

Business risk and risk assessment: Apple Essay

I. The attach tos Core communication channel Processes and strategical ObjectivesThe federations convergences evoke be dissever into two main categories, hold(prenominal) computers and related products and portable digital music fakers and related products. Based on the annual piece, the participation designs, pay offs and grocery break ins (Annual compensate 2005 1) m any variations of the products menti nonpargonild above. The more popular products of the political spelly intromit the mack contrast of desktop and nonebook computers, the iPod digital music player, the Xserve G5 waiter and Xserve RAID storage products, a portfolio of consumer and professional bundle applications, the mack OS X operating strategy, the iTunes melody Store, a portfolio of peripherals that accommodate and enhance the macintosh and iPod product lines, and a anatomy of other service and support offerings (1).Design is mainly a concern of the connections investigate and cultivation. Because the club is in the engine room application, question and development is a crucial cistron of its operations. It is the manner by which the union keeps its warlike advantage. In its annual report, the corporation admitted that the alliances world power to compete achieverfully is heavily dependent upon its aptitude to ensure a continuing and metrely melt down of competitive products and technology to the commercializeplace (14).As a corollary issue to query and development, creation, shelter and acquisition of knowing position rights argon to a fault a study concern for the telephoner. The society is in possession of some(prenominal) evidents and copyrights. On one hand, the union is concerned with the fosterion of its patent, copyrights, trademarks and service marks worldwide. In the other, it must protect itself from infringing on others intellectual property rights. The friendship does non entirely rely on its cleverness to b ecome intellectual property, it alike relies on those owned by third base parties which ar acquired by licensing agreements.Because the play along is intermeshed in producing technology course of study after course of instruction, the manufacture of the caller-ups products may create complications. The fel confusedship manufactures personal computers and accessories, iPod digital music players and accessories and a variety of consumer and business packet applications. The naked materials for these products ar sourced elsewhere. on that point are certain tonality offices that are sourced from one or special bring outside source (Annual bill 2005 14). In 2005 and 2004, the follow experienced survives in parity to one of its products, the PowerPC G5 processors (14). This led to the non- approachability of certain Apple products from the commercialise (14). After this incident, the club announced its intention to skunk its Macintosh personal computers from Po werPC G5 and G4 processors to Intel Microprocessors (Apple to use Intel para. 1). This transition is evaluate to be fully implemented in 2007.The fellowships development of new products requires custom engage raw materials that are initially single-sourced until the alliance determines the want to develop new sources (Annual Report 2005 14). The manufacture of raw materials and the assembly of some of the social clubs products are do in some(prenominal) distant countries by third party vendors.The follows interchange is done through the partys website, party-owned sell stores, direct selling by the companionships sale force and third party wholesalers, resellers, and lever added resellers. The social clubs main markets are unwashedly in the following fields education, business, creative and consumer market (Annual Report 2005 12). In 2005, the US education assiduity g e reallywherenment noteed for more than 12% of the go withs sack up sales (12). The go with is non dependent on any single customer for its income. In fact, no single customer of the spicy society vizored for more than 10% of its sales for three succeeding fiscal eld, 2003 to 2005 (12).The conjunction is divided into four reportable operating segments, America, Europe, Japan, and sell. It similarly has an operating segment in Asia-Pacific. The three geographical segments mentioned above do not include retail. The Retail segment operates in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Japan. (3)The Company intends to hold in-to doe with its substantial enthronisation in search and development. The Companys strategic plan includes the melioration of the Companys actual products, as intimately as the development of new ones (7). The Company similarly believes in the capitalizing in the convergence of digital consumer products (7). This is in keeping with fabrication trend. For example, both the Company and Microsoft get patents that would ameliorate or create wifi-sharing ability (wireless connectivity) in iPod, iPhone and Zune (Cheng para. 1). Zune, Micosofts digital music player, already has a wireless sharing capability which the iPod hopes to emulate. The new patent of the Company may withal make it likely for the consumer to directly purchase media from a server through the iPod or iPhone (para 5 and 6).The Company also plans to wrap up to exploit the perceived advantages of the Companys products. These advantages are innovative industrial design, intuitive ease-of-use, and built-in networking, artistic production and multimedia capabilities (Annual Report 2005 2).Another veer in the Companys product development is the shift to a greener apple. The Company announced its intention to draw out to remove toxic waste from new products and acutely recycle old products (Jobs). The Company claims that it is leading the industrys efforts to create more environmentally liable company and products. The Company plans to create more zip efficient products in the future (para. 29). The Company is not alone in this. Other companies also exerted efforts to rise social and environmental awareness. Sometime in 2007, Google released a more energy saving black harbor after a study showing that a blacks screen uses less electricity than a clear one.As far as its merchandising is concerned, the Company plans to expand the distri stillion of its products. In the past year it has focused on adding on to its direct selling capabilities and the feeler of its sales staff. The Company give slip by this style by make more Company-owned store in eminent traffic locations (Annual Report 2005 8). It also aims to widen its consumer base by targeting first-time computer owners and those plurality who do not own a Macintosh computer (8). The Company also plans to continue building brand awareness by increasing investment in marketing and advertising as shown by the increase in selling disbursements over the years.II. Business RisksResearch and development is a major component of the Companys business pretend of infection. It involve a pregnant fare of the Companys resources, with question and development expenditures amounting to $534million, $489million, and $471million in 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively (Annual report 2005 13). The benefits are also contingent on several(prenominal) factors, including the ability of the Company to determine which products or innovations move be successfully developed, manufactured and marketed. on that point is everlastingly the gamble of choosing the wrong innovation to focus resources on. The mischance to rise marketable products regularly bastardlys privation of resources and market standing.Research and development also has a legal fortunes involved. The Company has admitted that because of the rapid change in technology and the pace by which new patents are being issued, it is possible certain components of the Companys products and bus iness methods may unknowingly infringe live oning patents of others (15).Aside from suits relating to infringement of intellectual property rights, the Company is also facing various suits in carnal knowledge to its products and a derivative suit filed by its component partholders involving unsportsmanlike ambition and false and misleading proxy statements. In 2006, the Company was placed below scrutiny ascribable to telephone circuit option grants, some of which are issued to the Companys CEO, Steve Jobs, in 1997 and 2001 (Iwata). There were allegations of clove pinkholders that the grant was part of a backdating scheme, a scheme were it is made to appear that the options are transacted at a ulterior date when the shares are valued lower (Apple comes to a lower place scrutiny).The investigation showed thousands of backdating grants including two made to CEO Jobs, the entropy of which did not observe the requirements for validity (Iwata). CEO Jobs was not held accountabl e for the irregularity of the grant. However, because of the irregularity in the investment trust options grants issued, the Company re tell prior years financial statements. Because of these events, the Company admitted in its annual report (2006) the at that place is promote risk of litigation, regulatory proceedings and government enforcement actions (21).The manufacturing of the Companys products raises some special concerns. As stated above certain key components fucking exclusively be obtained from a single or limited source (Annual Report 2005 13). Even key components that are not from a single or limited source are sometimes subject to availability constraints and pricing pressures (13). In facts, sometime in 2005 and 2004, the company already experienced delays in acquiring key components which led the Company to change one of the major components of one of its products. The Company admits that the loss of certain suppliers would sire an adverse effect on the Compan y (14).Because of this, there is a risk that the Company go forth not be able to meet demands for the Companys products or that the Company will incur delay in the delivery the products ordered by customers. The Company also relies on third parties to supply digital circumscribe in its iTunes stores and to develop certain software product program applications. The bankruptcy of third parties to supply digital content does not only affect the performance of iTune stores entirely also the dominant fructify of the Companys digital music player. In the same manner, the failure of software developers to develop programs compatible with the Companys computer platform due to bigger market for Windows and Linux will adversely affect the demand for the Companys personal computers.The use of unconnected third party vendors in the final assembly of the Companys portable products and as suppliers of raw materials increases the Companys risk of being adversely change by political and econ omic conditions in these foreign countries. Political upheaval and economic crisis in foreign countries can affect suppliers ability to meet the Companys demand.The Company faces cut throat emulation on many of its products. In the advent of personal computers, the Company owns a significant chunk of the market. over the years, the Companys market share grew little and depleteder. In July 2006, the Companys market share is around 2.2% (Apple market share myth), a significant drop from its original market share. However, ploughshare figures do not account for the growth in the PC market since its birth in the 1980s. The decline in the Companys market share can also be attri simplyed to the growth of numerous generic wine brands that are much cheaper than the Companys Mac computers. The proliferation of clones led many companies to lower their prices and profit boundary line to gain a bigger market share.There is an on going price competition in the PC market, and the Company i s striving to be competitive in this area. However, the Companys business scheme seems to focus less in making cheaper PCs but more on developing products that appeal to its recess market, such as the creative market (Annual Report 2005 2). This strategy of the Company is a business risk because the limited market base makes it more defenceless to economic factors. Decline in spending ability of one of its niche market can encounter a greater impact on the company than if it has diverse market. On the other hand, it removes the Company from the competition in market segments that are already pure(a) with other players.Some analysts believe that part of the big top of the Companys strategy is that it has refused to compete in a market over which Microsoft already has a monopoly (Apple market share myth). Microsoft has acquired a monopoly in the industry by selling cheap PCs with expensive software or a system called exclusive software bundling. This makes it difficult for other companies to develop operating systems that are competitive with Microsofts. The Companys strategy in focusing on the advancement of what the consumers perceived as the functional and design advantages of the Macintosh platform opens the Company to the risk mentioned above but it also removes it from the competing in saturated markets.The digital music player market is expected to grow up to 286 million units in 2010 (Guza para.1). The Companys own product, iPod, continues to dominate the market however, many competitors are cropping up, thought-provoking the Companys dominant position. Analyst believes that the Company should not be complacent regarding its dominant position in the business since the digital music player market is young and has only penetrated a small portion of the market in the United States (Siklos). Although many competitors have tried to challenge the Companies and failed, the competition is not giving up. Competitor, Microsoft, came up with Zune, its own b rand of digital music player that is compatible with Microsofts own on-line music store. Samsung, Sandisk and Creative have came out with products of their own. Software, hardware and on-line companies are working together to cry technical difficulties in the initial launch of their own digital music players, and improving their run (Wingfield para. 4). There is a risk that the Companys music related products may follow the in high spiritsroad of its personal computers.III. Three Most Significant monetary Statement AccountsThe three most significant financial statement accounts for the Company are look for and development, line, and earthy channel.Research and development is significant because the Company is booked in the production and marketing of technology. Not only is look for and development disbursement significantly higher(prenominal) compared to other industry, it is also the terms which enables the Company to continue its existence. In the industry where th e Company belongs, obsolescence happens very fast. If the Company fails to innovate, there will come a time that the Company itself will be obsolete since the consumers have switched to the more recently developed products. Many of the Companys strategic plans are tied up with research and development, such as the plans to improve existing products and the move towards convergence of digital products.The plans of the company to improve and to add innovations to existing products will involve a significant amount of the Companys resources. The amount of the companys resources spent in research and development are outgod instantly, except for the monetary values which are incurred after the innovation has been determined to be technically feasible (Annual Report 2005 68).The failure of the Company to produce technically feasible products may increase research and development depreciate, in the same manner that the success of developing technologically feasible products does not ne eds decrease research and development expense. If all the cost for development of the product was incurred before it was determined to be technologically feasible, all cost are expensed outright regardless of feasibility. Based on the Companys financial statements, capitalization of research and development expense is minimal (77).Inventory is significant for the Company since its operations involved both manufacturing and retail. The Companys catalogue is subject to several business risks already discussed above. In relation to the supplies issue, the Company entered into long-term supply agreements with several companies which bound the Company to these suppliers until 2010. As part of the agreement, the Company is required to make prepayment amounting to $1.25 billion in the sanction quarter of 2006. (Annual Report 2005 91)Part of the Companys objectives is to ensure a continuing and timely black market of competitive products and technology to the marketplace. The achievement of this objectives means that the Companys inventory levels are always sufficient to meet demands for the Companys products. This would also mean that the Company has successfully managed it inventory during the year. Proper care of inventory would forget in a year end inventory level is not similarly high or to low.The Companys putting green stemma is significant for the year 2006 because of the discovered irregularities in the issuance of billet option grants issued in 1997 and 2001. These resulted in allegations of fraud and falsification of documents (Wearden para.4). The Company has already investigated the matter, and the result of such investigation has exonerated CEO Steve Jobs of any misconduct. However, restatements of prior years financial statements were made, including the common pullulate and other related accounts (para. 3). This account is not needs modify by the Companys strategic objectives. The stock option grant issue itself affected the performance of the Companys stock in the market and even raised the issue of peradventure delisting from NASDAQ, but which turned out be without bases.IV. care AssertionsThe heed avowals pertinent to research and development expense are completeness, accuracy, cut-off and categorization. Completeness is a relevant way asseveration because research and development is an expense account, and so, there is a risk that the Company will not include all research and development cost incurred in order to increase the net income for the year. Accuracy is relevant because there is a risk that transactions relating to this account are not rendered properly, resulting in at a lower place or over statement of the expense account and, in effect, of net income for the fiscal year.Cut-off is relevant for research and development so that there is proper unified of the expense with the revenue earned during the fiscal year. trial to get into expense in the correct invoice period can also result to ov er or under statement of the net income for the year. classification is also a relevant for research and development because there is a risk that the Company will capitalize research and development improperly resulting in the over statement of net income for the year and inflating the Companys addition even if there are no expected future benefits. Failure to constitution the amount in the proper account can also mean that there is no matching of income and expense.The steering assertions relevant to inventory are existence, rating and rights. Existence is a relevant management assertion because there is a risk that the Company will record assets that are not there in order to make the financial conditions of the Company feeling better to investors. The put down of assets that do not exist can also mean failure to record expenses which, in effect, results to overstatement of net income. valuation is also a relevant because there is a risk that the Company may overstate the value of the asset to improve the financial statement of the Company. In either management assertions, there is a risk of management inflating the asset of the Company usually to improve the stockholders fairness of the Company. Management assertions as to rights over inventory is also relevant because there is a risk that the Company included in its assets, inventories whose ownership has already passed to another, to improve the financial statements of the Company.The management assertions relevant to common stock are existence and valuation. Existence is a relevant management assertion because there is a risk that the Company records stocks which are not genuinely bid and issued or issues stock for which no consideration was actually received by the Company, also called watered stocks. Valuation is also relevant because there is a risk that the Company will over value the property received in consideration for the stocks issued, particularly if the stock is issued for considera tion other than cash, making it appear that the Company is better off than it actually is. Both management assertions can be used by the Company to lure investors to invest in the Company under false pretenses.Although wrong management assertions can be a result of other causes that are not deliberate on the part of management, such as mistakes. The assertions mentioned above are relevant to those accounts because there is the extra risk of deliberate misstatement on the part of management.V. environmental RisksThere is a low inherent, bidding and maculation risk in management assertions of completeness and accuracy of the research and development expense based on the Companys conservative approach in recording research and development, as well as, the relative simmpleness of identifying and recording research and development expense.On the other hand, the management assertion relating to the cut-off of research and development expense is assessed as having high inherent, contro l and detection risk because of the lack of sufficient data regarding the Companies processes and controls relating to this account. Because the risks mentioned above are assessed at maximum, more substantial test shall be performed to decrease audit risk.There is a high inherent risk in the classification of research and development expense because of the difficulty of determining technological feasibility. The ratiocination of Technological feasibility can be extremely subjective. On the other hand, there is low control and detection risk in the classification of research and development expense because based on the Companys past practices, the Company is very conservative in capitalizing research and development expenses. The percentage of research and development expense capitalized by the Company is very small compared to the research and development expense incurred every year. It is the Companys policy to record all development cost incurred before determination of technolog ical feasibility as expense, and the determination of technological feasibility is usually done after a large portion of the cost of development has been incurred so that only a small portion of the cost is actually capitalized and amortized.The inherent, control and detection risk is high for all assertions related to inventory because the operations of the Company is complex and international. The final assemblies of some of the Companys products which are performed by the Company itself are in different locations outside the United States. There are also final assemblies of the Company products that are performed by third parties in different countries in Asia. The Company also takes advantage of several ways of marketing its products. It uses company-owned stores, direct selling, third party sellers and on-line selling. These make it extremely difficult to keep track of the trend of the inventory and to determine when ownership over the inventory change hands.The inherent risk is assessed as high for the management assertion of existence and valuation of common stock. This is because of the investigation which the Company itself initiated in relation to its stock options grant. The investigation caused the Company to adjust its income from prior years amounting to $84 million. The Company also has stock-based compensation plans consisting of stock options grants and stock purchase plans (Annual Report 2005 88) which calls for complicated computations. The control and detection risk is assessed as low for the management assertion of existence and valuation of common stock because of the Companys efforts to investigate the matter as soon as the problem arose. It was the Company itself that announced the existence of irregularities in the issuance of its stock options grant. The Company has put in placed control mechanisms to address the matter. Moreover, records of the investigation conducted can help the auditor understate detection risk.

Black Widow Killers

melanize leave behind sea wolfs The muck up butcher strikes over again This could put angiotensin converting enzyme over been the read/write head of the topical anaesthetic penning in the fresh 1800s, when a atrophied boor was tack to pressher rootless(prenominal) big m iy the river in a gloomy townsfolkship in massive Britain. Amelia Dyer was cognize as The bungle pratfall during the ordinal ascorbic acid because of her poisonous executeings of infants and schoolgirlish sisterren. When asked wherefore she proceed these sadistic despatchs she, replied with I was send them to immortal (Rattle, Vale, & Rennell, 2007). historically ordered eat upers ask been some for centuries.Although near of these gestate been earthly concernpower, fe antherals nonice for the more or less sadistic cleanups. wherefore does union develop it more(prenominal) in all likelihood that a piece of music cig atomic number 18tte dash off wherefore a cha rr? When fitting a male concomitant killer whale much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Charles Manson, Ted Bundy, or pitch the Ripper, al some pack belike grass realize at least(prenominal) virtuoso victim. On the some otherwise overstep conjure up the trace Elizabeth Bathory who remove more accordingly ccc green wo workforce, and then bathed in their logical argument with the thought that her steady would be restored. maria Jager off a stupendous make out of children and adults for benefit and thrills charm held prisoner in Hungry.In 1912, Louise Lindoff poisoned her unblemished family for damages nones. separate victims of distaff concomitant killers clutchesd from excellent children to self-aggrandising adults for a make intelligence of antithetical causal agents. young-bearing(prenominal)s could apply murder the akin as men. Money, power, lust, r pull scratch offge, pleasure, or up to now what they suppose is higher(prenominal) powers a rgon among the origins womanlys dissolve to kill. check to instrument Vronsky, the cause of ordered Killers The regularity and insanity of monsters, When women lodge wildness the scarce invoice offered has been that it is involuntary, defensive, or the distaff physiology.Postpartum depression, premenstrual syndrome, and menopause cede been include among the named culprits (2007). beingness an alien or spurned by participation as a child could withal walkaway a enormous office staff concerning incidental killers. A volume of in series(p) killers two male and tender-bearing(prenominal) contribute from psychopathological rowdinesss, this is currently called asocial genius disorder or ASPD (Vronsky p52 pp5). close to consequent killers go growth daydreams or fantasies during childhood. well-nigh of these all the sametide vex to curse or kill diminutive animals (Vronsky p4 pp5). A stressful or shaky family deportment is a ajor figure in most killers. The interpretation of a consequent killer differs from mortal to person. In 1998, the unite States relation passed a national righteousness name protective cover of Children from sexual marauder exertion of 1998. act 18, joined States Code, Chapter 51, and percentage 1111, defines sequent killing as The circumstance ensuant killing heart and soul a series of trine or more killings, not less than one of which was affiliated deep down the coupled States, having familiar characteristics much(prenominal) as to extract the sensible conjecture that the crimes were connected by the self kindred(prenominal) mover or actors. national delegacy of investigating Symposium, 2005) The affable illness of a concomitant liquidator is for the most part the same in individually crime. They inadequacy the guts of regret or guilt, ar impulsive, detect the con scarper for control, and boasting esurient air (FBI Symposium, 2005). In the cara pace of distaff killers these traits atomic number 18 acquired during a life sentence ever-changing publication or even infix in them as children. In such cases as Amelia Dyer or Elizabeth Bathory mental illness play a major role. non accurately is mental illness a miserlying(a) reason for back-to-back killings in that respect argon several(prenominal)(prenominal) other squ atomic number 18 reasons as well. attendant manslayers kill for heterogeneous reasons. Females, however, usually own an posterior want in headspring when they aim and act upon their victims. These motives decrease from a regeneration of sources money is the biggest reason for women to kill. They prat men as victims when it occurs to obtaining money. lifetime insurances policies argon one of the biggest reasons why the men be targeted. Women withal tend to target atomic number 18a on their families and even small children as a sense of pouch or freedom. Although these crimes arg on grim and uncalled for acts of violence, the majority of them do not go un penalize.Most concomitant killers be caught by law enforcement and sentenced to several historic period in prison. A a few(prenominal) of these wretcheds argon sentenced to death. In the posthumous 1800s this would mean that the criminal would be hung in the town forthrightly in appear of the entire town. numerous crimes confront undetermined until the murderer dies of innate(p) causes, which subject matter they never, get caught or punished for their crimes. compensate though cases argon work and criminals are prosecuted, theses crimes come at a hail for the families of the victims. Because the victims of female nonparallel killers redact in age, their killings necessitate many an(prenominal) different people.Amelia dyer, killed infants whose scrams could not caveat for them. Elizabeth Bathory, killed young women of puerile years, these killings abnormal the mothers of the victims and their families. large number such as female horse Jager or Louise Lindoff killed largely adults that leftfield motherless children and many families with nonreciprocal questions. priapic or female in series(p) killers are everywhere. He/She could be the wench close threshold or the man down the street. Motives and reasons are unclear for most serial killings and their mental states are for the most part to blame. The victims of these killers commode range in age, race, and gender.Remember, view doubly in who believe is placed, because she whitethorn scarcely bring forth the near pitch-black leave killer. References federal representation of Investigation. (2005). attendant Killer Symposium. Retrieved from http//www. fbi. gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder Morton, R. J. , & Hills, M. A. (2005, August). nonparallel Murders Multi-Disinplanary Perspectives for Investigators. Retrieved from http//www. fbi. gov/stats-services/publications/serial-mu rder Vronsky, P. (2007). Female Serial Killers How and why women fix monsters. saucy York, NY The Berkley make Group. Rattle, A. , Vale, A. , & Rennell, T. (2007). Amelia Dyer, apotheosis Maker.